British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s largest public service broadcaster that was founded in 1992 with the aim of educating, entertaining and enriching the public with information conveyed through broadcasted programs. The expansion and success of BBC can be attributed to the business-level strategies that the corporation implements from the time the company was established to present. BBC was able to incorporate strategies into its organizational culture which ensured it gained competitive advantage.The corporation gave its organization a unique identification mark that was appealing to customers when it opened stand alone stores that were highly visible, provided ample parking space and located the stores in urban areas which contain large numbers of potential customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Moreover, the corporation identified its customers, their needs and thus implemented strategies that were geared towards satisfying their demands. For instance the c orporation offered a wide variety of tapes a fact that ensured BBC met the desires of its customers.The corporation was also able to manage a long lasting relationship with its customers by devising a strategy that allowed customers to stay longer with the rented movies a mechanism that helped the corporation to further fulfill the needs of its customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Furthermore, BBC offered and enhanced superiority value to its organizational culture and reputation by employing efficient strategies which allowed customers to access the tapes easily and at a faster rate by arranging them alphabetically and separating new movie releases from the older ones.The corporation also incorporated advanced technology into its operations which allowed customers to have a comfortable and easy time while at the store, for instance the use of the laser bar-code scanner technology to access required information from the movie cassettes and customers’ ID tags thereby consuming lit tle time of customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004).Although the corporation has managed to open and successfully run BBC branches globally it was also faced with challenges that forced it to close down some of its stores this is because of the improper market research strategies the corporation implemented to learn and get acquitted with the market environment, the likes and dislikes of prospective customers. For instance BBC was forced to close down the stores it had opened up in Hong Kong and China because the profitability of the corporation was challenged by piracy which is highly ranked in China because of poor implementation of patent policies and regulations.BBC was also forced to close down the stores it had opened in Germany because the corporation was unable to fulfill the desires of the consumers that demanded provision of movies and programs which contained violence and sex rated captions in their themes, demands that were against the principles and policies of the corporation (Hill & Gareth, 2004). In 1927 the British Monarchy granted the Corporation a Royal Charter protecting it’s independence from the manipulation and influences of private and governmental sectors a fact that enables the organization to cater fully to the needs of its customers.The products and services provided by BBC are original because of the opportunity that the charter prevails of allowing the corporation to be innovative thus providing products that are of high quality. BBC is also able to easily penetrate into the global market where it widens its scope of customers and utilizes the resources prevailed to maximize its operations, performance and profitability.However, BBC must enact public value in all its operations and has no control of members appointed to run the corporation because the appointments are done by the Queen under the advice of ministers. Since it is a state corporation, BBC can not make decisions that are geared towards benefiting the organization witho ut considering the welfare of the society like private sectors do (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Word Count: 632 Reference List Hill, W. C. & Gareth, R. J. (2004). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Annual Update. 6th Ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.

Conflict: Anarchism and Long Lasting Aftermaths

Conflict can have tragic consequences for ordinary people In society’s composition, ordinary people establish the majority of the population creating the base of the group. When faced with challenges and conflict stemming from others in the same faction, they are affected and met with the consequences of the conflict. These effects may have tragic consequences to ordinary people with long lasting aftermaths such as portrayed in ‘Paradise Road’ and throughout history. Conflict, however, comes in different forms and arrangements with varying views and purposes.This signifies that not all consequences of conflict is disastrous, and can have a valuable effect on ordinary people. The characters in ‘Paradise Road’ are essentially ordinary civilians of countries torn in war that were thrust into situations that ended with tragic consequences. From the beginning scenes the women are portrayed living luxurious but sheltered lives, following that they were plun ged into the devastating prisoner’s camp showing the drastically altered life style they endured.Throughout the film the women are exposed to the unfamiliar brutality of humans, creating long lasting effects on their psychological mindset. This is seen from the ruthless death of Wing, having been caught getting medicinal tablets for Mrs Roberts. Due to the innocent and charitable nature of the act, the dreadful punishment for Wing was a surprise and vicious shock to the other women as it was nothing like their previous experiences, establishing the brutal nature of humans and course of the film.From this scene however, the idea that ‘conflict brings out the best in people’ could also be seen as Wing self-sacrificed herself. Additionally, despite the cruel conducts and treatment, the idea that ‘The survivors of conflict are true heroes’ is also brought to light as the women that were released held on til the end, surviving through will power and each other’s help and not giving into using their bodies. Evidently, although conflict can have tragic consequences on ordinary people, it can also have encouraging effects on them.Although conflict has the capacity to develop tragic consequences for average people, it additionally has positive effects on thousands of ordinary citizens around the nation. The African-American Civil Rights Movement in the United States began in 1955 due to racial prejudice and inequality, it aimed for the prohibition of discrimination and the right for African Americans to vote. The immense struggle for equal rights included many ordinary citizens throughout the nation and came in the form of nonviolent protests and marches.The confrontation lasted almost a decade and involved ordinary citizens of all nations as it sparked worldwide recognition for its aim. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed allowing basic civil rights for all Americans, signifying the success of the struggle for all Americans regardless of race. This indicates that even for those not involved, the outcome affected their lives in a positive manner along with the idea that conflict not just has tragic consequences for ordinary people, but beneficial effects for them as well.Ordinary people are affected by conflict all over the world and whether the outcome is positive or negative for the particular individual, it is defined by the nature of the conflict and the possibilities it holds. Conflict does have the power to bring devastating consequences to some in many cases but there are also cases in which conflict brings about change in a positive manner with valuable and favourable effects for the individual. To define the outcome of conflict in a dichromatic way is futile as all cases will have varying components and possibilities with each action that plays on the result of the conflict.

American History Essay Example for Free (#6)

American History Essay African American (597) , American history (69) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints â€Å"The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil† was a wise phase once uttered by Hannah Arendt. I love this quote because is perfectly describes the two boys from â€Å"American History X,† Danny and Derek. These two boys have seen and done it all when it comes to hate groups, as both were members of a neo-nazi hate group. Neo- Nazi hate groups use authoritarian, scapegoat, normative, and exploitation theories to justify their hate, discrimination, and torture of anyone who isn’t a part of the â€Å"supreme race,† or white. Boy Danny and Derek end up in this life from an early age. Parents are one of the biggest, if not the biggest influence on a child’s life. When Danny and Derek were both relatively young they looked up to their father, thought of him as the â€Å"ideal† man. However their father was a racist, influencing almost every thought the boys had. At family dinner when talking about about a black school teacher their father said, â€Å"It’s nigger bullshit,† and warned Derek not to buy into the equality teachings. Because Danny and Derek both looked up to their dad so much, this would be and example of the exploitation theory. Exploitation theory is when one societal group, in this case whites, use hostility to keep their position and power intact. This really come into play after Danny and Derek’s father was murdered and Derek believes it was a race related killing. Right after their father died, Derek joined a neo-nazi hate group known as the DOC(Disciples of Christ). Being extreme believers in the white supremacy movement, the DOC acted out with violence and extreme hatred toward any other race, especially blacks. Derek, being a high ranking member, murdered 2 black men for the cause. He served three years for the murders, which impacted his whole family tremendously. At the beginning of Derek’s sentence he did not want any visitors, claiming it would be to hard to see his family. He made friends with other neo-nazi members in prison, but soon started realizing that they were not serious about the cause like he was. He also started becoming friends with his black work partner who said, â€Å"I ain’t the nigger in here, you are† Derek started realizing that white supremacy what basically just a scapegoat. Meaning that the followers of the movement were just trying to find someone to blame for their problems, which in this case happened to be  the blacks. After befriending his black work mate he realized that blacks are human too. Once he could recognize blacks as human he finally felt guilt for killing to people, not niggers, people. Derek was determined to help his brother and family by getting them out of the gangs and hate. One of the biggest influences on Derek while in jail was his principal from high school. He was a black man with experience in dealing with â€Å"troubled youth.† He gave Derek the push he needed by saying, â€Å"Has anything you’ve done made your life better?†. Later Derek told Danny, â€Å"It’s just because I was pissed off†. I think this was Derek’s way of responding to his principal, he really didn’t believe in the cause it was more of just an outlet for his anger that his father would have approved of. While Derek is locked up. American History. (2016, Oct 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Marketing Service of Rooftop Movies Research Paper

Marketing Service of Rooftop Movies - Research Paper Example It is observed that the cinema industry has amassed enormous growth in recent times due to the emergence of 3D experience along with the latest technology based digital effects. In this context, the revenues are expected to increase considerably from the cinema industry of Australia in the upcoming years (Westberg 2011). External Environment Rooftop Movies, which is located in Perth city of Western Australia, has ultimately transformed into a premier destination for those people who live and work in the city. The patrons or the customers belonging to the Perth city consider Rooftop Movies as one of their refreshment destinations and was voted by Wallpaper Magazine as the third coolest leisure experience in the world (City of Melbourne 2012). There are many companies that enthusiastically sponsor Rooftop Movies which include Heinz Co., Mini, Bulmers and Volley among others. The cinema industry has attained a significant reputation and success by generating more employment opportunitie s along with attracting foreign finance for the production of the film industry. The Australian government has documented the inherent social value of the cinema industry which facilitates to promote a sense of identity, appreciation of cultural diversity and social cohesion. Furthermore, the cinema industry of Australia has increasingly delivered economic related benefits by generating a large sum of revenue and has ultimately become a powerful marketer of the nation (Australian Government 2006). It has been recognized that the Australian film industry has been reinvented as well as transformed by advanced technological methods along with innovation. The most significant impact of advanced technology in the movie industry of Australia is the introduction of digital technology. This particular facet of digital-based technology has contributed greatly and posed noteworthy effect upon certain activities that include visual effects, sound mixing, compositing, film and sound editing amo ng others.

Price Quotes and Pricing Decisions Applied Problems Assignment

Price Quotes and Pricing Decisions Applied Problems - Assignment Example Jessica is a famous actress and her name is common in most households. She may even have a cult like following meaning everything she endorses will be popular with the masses, this factor can make penetration pricing successful. The products they are dealing with are basic consumer products used in the house hold on a daily basis. Penetration pricing would set of a â€Å"price war" enabling them to market a product at the price that is the  lowest in comparison with all competitors.   Though the price is lower that the value of the product, it will draw in new customers to try the products The products that the â€Å"Honest Company† deals in are in a growing market as the population is more demanding and knowledgeable requiring more quality cleaning items, more nutritious food stuffs etc. hence penetration pricing is recommended. Penetration pricing can prevent competitors from cutting into your market at lower price points. If your upfront price is low and your product or service is of reasonable quality, the burden falls on other providers to justify higher prices on similar offerings Yes they will continue to make profits in the long term. The Honest Company will be able to enter the five different markets faster using penetration pricing as potential customers will venture to try the product. This will in turn grow their market share and generate economic profits based on this market share even in the long term. Penetration pricing also creates high stock turnover throughout the  distribution channel which will result in economic profits and increased enthusiasm and support in the supply chain for the product in the long term. No they will not continue to make profits. It is argued against penetration pricing in that in the long term penetration pricing establishes long term price expectations for the  product, and image preconceptions for the  brand  and company. This makes it difficult to

Robert Herrick- To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time , Andrew Marvell- Essay

Robert Herrick- To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time , Andrew Marvell- To His Coy Mistress , John Donne- The Flea - Essay Example Any person that has delivered or been on the receiving end of a statement such as, â€Å"C’mon babe, it’s the Prom! We aren’t ever going to have another night like this again,† understands where Herrick is coming from. He is urging the ladies not to reject him now because there is only so much time for really good loving. The poems from Marvell and Donne take different approaches to the theme. Marvell is telling his mistress that she can stop playing shy because he knows she wants to be with him. Donne seems to be trying to elicit sympathy from his lover by wondering how you could –gasp- reject moi? Coupled closely to this theme of the lost moment or the tragedy of unrequited love seems to be the notion that the man was to be the aggressor in matters of the heart, seeking to gain the favor or displeasure, of the woman. I really loved the Herrick poem. He is such a subtle gentleman on the one hand and a playboy on the other. He is clearly using a tac tic that only works on the inexperienced (thus the Virgins in the title) but he does it so well, one can almost be sure of the outcome.

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease - Essay Example HFMD is very often confused with foot and mouth disease but foot and mouth disease is predominant in cattle and sheep. This disease is also found in swine and it is also known as hoof and mouth disease. It is very important not to confuse between these two diseases. There are various symptoms with which the HFMD starts. The most common symptom is fever and loss of appetite. Sore throat is another symptom of this disease but fever is the most common of all the symptoms. This disease is basically caused because of the entero virus genus. This is a communicable disease and spreads when an infected person comes in contact with a healthy person. The virus spreads through contact like handshake etc. HFMD is mutually exclusive to human beings and the disease does not spread either from or to animals. To the dismay of many people who are affected with this disease, it is found that there is no specific treatment for this disease. The following part of the paper will discuss the preventive me asures and the possible treatment of this disease. When a person gets fever and is feared to have this disease, it is best to reduce the fever first and this can be done by taking antibiotics. The affected people often experience pain in this disease but this can also be dealt with by taking appropriate medicines like ibuprofen, or other over-the-counter pain relievers.

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to Research Paper

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Research Paper Example To make matters worse, the little water received in these areas is usually not safe for domestic, agriculture and commercial use and there an urgent need to provide fresh water. To do so, policy makers explore various fresh water provision techniques as discussed in subsequent sections of this report. 2.0 Fresh water provision techniques In endeavors to provide fresh water to the arid regions of the world, different techniques are employed that include ground water drilling, desalinization and piping techniques. These techniques often vary from those employed in areas where precipitation is high. Therefore, climatic conditions in arid regions dictate to a large extent what technique(s) is most appropriate. Key issues in water provision and water resource management which dictate appropriate techniques will include availability of adequate supply, conservation measures, cost effectiveness, pricing and sustainability. 2.1 Ground Water Drilling Technique Ground water is normally obtaine d from aquifers through drilling and piping the water to the surface for various uses. This technique involves identification of areas in arid regions that have sufficient and quality underground water for agriculture, domestic and commercial use. The technique is more preferred to its low cost of establishment compared to other techniques like desalination. To ensure sustainable use of underground water, policy makers and regulatory authorities establishes water databases through registration of wells and their yields, documenting water composition, control of drilling in all phases and regular monitoring of water table and changes in salinity. However, the challenge with this technique is that over time demand for fresh water has increased both socially and economically requiring more wells to be dug. For example, over the last 3 decades, demand for water within the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf states which are often classified as arid regions, was estimated to increase fro m 4,250Mm3/ year in 1980 to 35,395Mm3/ year by 2010 (Alsharhan et al 2001, 277). Therefore, this means that governments in arid regions have to drill more wells or explore alternative fresh water supply techniques. This water supply technique faces various challenges relating to quality and sustainability. One, underground water may contain dissolved solid substances whose value is above the established norm. Establishing these levels require sophisticated technology which is costly and often not at the disposal of most governments in arid regions. Where levels are higher than the benchmark standard, such wells have to be closed or alternative technologies to reduce the hazardous effects of these particles employed (California Environmental Protection Agency 1995, 5). For example, high fluoride levels are common in arid regions where fluoride levels have to be reduced to the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce effects of tooth decay and bone weakening. In addition, underground water

The Management Challenges of Facebook as a Platform Case Study

The Management Challenges of Facebook as a Platform - Case Study Example Thus developers prefer Facebook to write the application than on MySpace. Facebook has a unique application area which offers and promotes the different applications from the developers. To strengthen this idea Facebook introduced the viral injection of News Feed which automatically spread the application once it was installed by a user. This competitive asset of Facebook spread the applications like wildfire resulting to which many developers are attracted towards the site for the easiest way to spread their applications to the users. Soon with this new concept, Facebook was considered as a platform for the small group software developers all over the world. Scrabulous is a Facebook application developed by two brothers Rajat & Jayant Agarwalla from Kolkata, India. It’s a Scrabble clone which allows the user to play online by inviting friends or other users. The application was a huge success for the developer and was awarded as the PC Worlds 100 best products in the year 2008 earning around $ 25,000 per month from the advertising. But since the two brothers don’t have the copyright for Scrabble legally they are forced by many players in the market like Electronic Arts and Real Networks to stop their application due to copyright issue and supported Scrabble to create an online version for the game to compete to take the place for Scrabulous. With over 140 new applications added each day almost 95 percent of the users have installed at least one application. To name a few Mafia Wars and Firm Villa is the most popular of all which attracted millions of customer each day for its uniqueness in designing and interesting social g aming technique generating about $ 600 million annually. The Facebook platform provided this shortcut path for success for the developer.

Full case study analysis of a company (Apple) Essay Example for Free

Full case study analysis of a company (Apple) Essay Locating the company in its environment. This is where you set the scene and so you should Offer a brief overview of the company (from your own research or the case material provided). Put the company in its context, which will be international or global. At this point you will start to use the various analytical tools available to tell me about the environmental opportunities and constraints operating on the company and its industry. PESTEL is the usual device employed. You should also analyze the characteristics of the industry and business in which the company has to compete and here you should employ the 5 Forces of Competition analysis carried out in some analytical depth. Note: You could emerge from this first analysis with a PARTIAL SWOT, which is drawing out the opportunities and threats facing the firm. After having analyzed the company’s environment, the focus moves to the company itself by conducting an internal analysis where the objective is to identify the capabilities and resources developed by the company. This will be carried out through the application of some well tried analytical instruments, such as the value chain, the threshold and distinctive resources and competencies framework and the VRIO framework. Note: You should be able by now to complete the above SWOT analysis by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Finally, you should now be able to define the competitive position of the company in relation to the Generic Strategy chosen. Part two: The selection of strategic options You should emerge from this Phase with an inquiry based view of your company’s level of business success and what it must do to sustain that success and continuously improve. Which are the main options for growth? To answer this question you can refer to the Ansoff Matrix and – if the company is part of a larger diversified corporation to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix. Somewhere in this phase you will need to appraise the company’s financial state of health using well-established measures of efficiency and profitability. But please take note that we do not cover finance in our twelve weeks together but my expectation is that your studies in corporate finance (Financial Accounting and Management) should equip you to include a commentary on Apple financial predicament. Part three: Your strategic solutions for the company’s ongoing health Now that you have derived a picture of your Company’s state of health, can it be improved—what medicine can you offer? So, phase/part three is about Strategic options for the future. There could be many but which strategic option/s would you recommend and why? Are you happy that your choices are derived from your systematic analysis of the company at Phases one and two? Are they feasible? Can they be resourced? Can they be implemented and sustained?

The benefits of paid parental leave

The benefits of paid parental leave In 2007, around 280 000 mothers gave birth in Australia and around 175 000 of these were working mothers who intend to work again. Consequently, there is a significant number of working mothers who require taking leave from work. There have been debates in Australia over a proposal of a statutory scheme that would offer paid parental leave to parents. The concern of paid parental leave has been significant because of the increasing womens part on jobs, family income sources and children carers. Womens participation in work has increased compared to the past. Female aged 25 to 34 years had increased from 45 to 70 per cent from 1978 to 2008 whereas mens participation in the same age range fell by 4 per cent (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.6). There are three proposed objectives for a paid parental leave, such as the wellbeing improvement of families, especially child and mothers health, associated with leave from work around the baby birth and secured financial during that period; enc ouragement of women to return to the workforce by the social welfare and tax system; and by the norms of community, having family time is the basic human rights for many people including fathers and the importance of caring and valuing children. This paper will discuss the major issues and models with regard to paid leave and the methods to assess these models. Paid parental leave provides benefits for parents, especially for mothers. From the mothers point of view, paid parental leave allows her to take a longer leave from job than she could otherwise have afforded and to enjoy extra financial assistance. However, problems arise with the paid parental leave. The first major issue is that the mothers attachment to the job might be deteriorated along with extended period a home; her skills will decline and as a result will create obstacles to her return (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.17). Moreover, the impacts of paid leave on labour market also broaden beyond parents too. For instance, paid leave affects employees wage rates and may discriminate against women because employers alert that female employees might have children in the future. There are incentives for discrimination on women if paid parental leave actually increases the costs to the employers. The absence of employee inflicts costs on employers, this may include leave administ ration costs, hiring and training replacement costs which will reduce the productivity level (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 24). However, on the employee side, the incentives to stay inside labour force and to choose occupation and employer are determined by the costs and benefits of these choices, which unnecessarily a monetary value. People outside the labour force get welfare transfers and benefits from untaxed work that they do, but they might be marginalized socially and economically. However, people inside the labour force get wages and benefits from parental leave and childcare rebates, but it might be difficult to balance between the importance of caring and working. The second issue of paid parental leave is concerned with the impact of paid generosity and leave duration. More generous payments increase the financial support for women and encourage them to return to work. On the other hand, greater generosity increases the length of leave from work. At some circumstances, the employment benefits are eroded by excessive absence from work which would reduce work skills and productivity. Moreover, female labour wages would increase slowly if female labour supply increases while demand is not following due to the paid parental leave (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.2). Employers might also reduce wage when excessive absence from work increases costs for employers. Therefore, the productivity, wages and female labour skills rises as long as the duration of leave is not excessively long. Third issue is the paid parental leave concerns with the equitably issue. In principle, paid leave should pay attention to the fairness in both horizontal and vertical dimensions (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 1.19). Horizontal equity refers to individuals and families in similar economic situations and being treated similarly whereas vertical equity refers to individuals and families in different economic situations and being treated in a different manner. However, equity is difficult to achieve in practice. People will be treated differently for different situations and it is inevitable. For instance, paying paid parental leave to working mothers may be seem as equitable but not equitable for women not working in the legal labour force. Replacement wages paid by employer seems to be more equitable for low income earners than a government-funded scheme that pays the minimum wage. Fourth major issue of paid leave in Australia is that only one-third of women labour force is eligible for the paid leave because women in Australia is highly segmented and in part-time employment, all of which are reducing females eligibility to paid leave (Baird, M., 2002). Fifth issue is the payment of parental leave. A payment equivalent to their minimum weekly income is justified if the objective is to assure their demand. However, full income payment is justified if the objective is to assure their social and economic independence (Frank, M., p.317). The final issue is regarding the funding source. There is an argument over which parties responsible to fund the leave as small employers cannot afford and thus women will be discriminated in work force. Australia has the lowest level of women labour force participation in the OECD (AEU Federal, p.2). If women labour force is declining, this will raise the inflation and reduce productivity and there will be a shortage of labour supply. Thus, women with paid leave tend to return to work than those without and will push-up the labour supply. To illustrate the paid parental leave, it is important to compare the different parental leave models in different countries. The Swedish parental leave system is seen to be a good model because of its commitment to developing equality between men and women and because of its generosity of payment. The Swedish allows parents a twelve-month of absence from work in regard to birth and parents either father or mother receive 90 per cent untaxed of their salary for their first nine months of leave (Allen, J.P., p.248). Whereas in Germany, parents are allowed to take leave for a shorter time of period only compared to Sweden because women in West Germ any have not entered the labour force as many as other industrialized countries. Only women are eligible to receive the leave payment and that also depends on their incomes. However, the United States is among the few industrialized countries that do not provide employment benefits, including sickness benefit, health insurance benefits, and paternal benefits. Therefore, to compare the equality issue between these three countries, the paid parental leave provided in Sweden and Germany helps female labour force to enter and remain at work, whereas female labour force tend to exit the labour force in the United States. Sweden is the most generous in paid parental leave and should be considered as a model in Australia whereas the U.S. fails to provide equality and support for parents and children. There are several models with regard to paid leave. First, 52 weeks paid parental leave starts with 26 weeks paid leave now, 39 by 2012 and 52 by 2016. Second, 26 weeks basic paid maternity and supporting parent leave as follows: (i) Basic Paid Maternity Leave (BPML) provision in which Australia should provide paid basic maternity leave of 24 weeks for all working women, and (ii) Basic Paid supporting Parent Leave (BPPL) provision in which Australia should provide basic paid partner leave of 2 weeks for all supporting partners. Third, the paid partner leave: use it or lose it in which partners who do not use their paid leave will not be able to reallocate it to mothers. This system induces fathers to take leave efficiently. Fourth, the existing paid maternity leave. Fifth, the basic payments through employers in which government provide payment similar to employers for employee and taxable. Payment through employers is desirable because all factors of employment will not be missed ou t. Sixth, the simultaneous leave in which parents can take leave simultaneously. Finally, the provision of rights to be protected from discrimination and the rights to return to work after their leave (Hill and Pocock, p.11). There are two methods to evaluate financial of paid leave and they have to be implemented simultaneously to provide the most effective paid leave policy. First, the income of financial contributor should not be affected. Second, the method should not create negative economic incentives. For example, an employer pays for his employees leave and financial method encourage the employer not to hire a female worker who would likely to take the leave (Frank, M., p.319). To summarize, paid parental leave is a system that provides benefits for mothers who give birth to achieve specific social and economic outcomes. There are three proposed objectives for a paid parental leave, such as the wellbeing improvement of families, especially child and mothers health, associated with leave from work around the baby birth and secured financial during that period; encouragement of women to return to the workforce by the social welfare and tax system; and by the norms of community, having family time is the basic human rights for many people including fathers and the importance of caring and valuing children. To help inducing the benefits of paid parental leave, it is necessary for financial assistance for mothers in order for them to spend time with their newborn babies, rather than just taking financial assistance, limit their leave and exit the labour force. The paid leave system has particular objectives that are valued differently to individual. In order to deliver those objectives efficiently, the system should provide incentives for mothers to increase the absence time from work to be with their child and to return and remain to the workforce. Parental leave would be a crucial system to encourage labour market efficiency and would represent the equality between men and women in the workforce.

The Joy of Bach Essay -- Biography Composers Music Essays

The Joy of Bach The Baroque period was filled with the new idea that every issue had two sides. Great thinkers and masterminds left behind the idea that the world was either god- influenced or science-influenced. Most people embraced this notion, with the exception of a few. Johann Sebastian Bach was one of these few people. Bach, although the greatest composer of the Baroque period, led a life based on tradition and past influence, which left him virtually ignored for many years after his death. Bach was born in 1685 in Germany amongst the turmoil of national reconstruction. He lived a quiet life with little musical influence, until the death of his parents at age ten. After their death, Bach’s older brother, who taught the very young Bach to play clavichord and harpsichord, raised Bach. Now, his life had the musical influence that is associated with Bach’s greatness. At the age of eighteen, he joined an orchestra where he learned to play the violin and organ. During this time the musical genius of Bach began to emerge (Jackson 15). Although Bach’s name is widely recognized today, his contemporaries held little respect for his creative works (Herz 1). Only his skills as an organist were highly recognized and praised by those who knew of him. Many organ builders would not allow anyone but Bach to approve their creations. The composer’s works remained unpublished and unrecognized until many years after his death. One explanation for Bach’s lack of recognition is his modesty over the works he created. He did not consider himself a genius. Bach merely sought to be industrious and diligent in his work. Most of his works are signed, â€Å"I did what I could† (Herz 2)... ... The last five years of Bach’s life made up the fifth period of his work. He wrote in a style unique to himself during the Baroque period that became known as the Bach style. He would create a line of melody and establish it in a song. Then, he would create variations of the melody to make up the rest of the piece. The longest composition contains eighteen variations, each distinct, but dependent upon one line of melody. The composers that followed Bach attempted to recreate his works, but none have reached his level of perfection (Jackson 16). Though born in a turmoil-ridden Germany and ignored during his life and nearly 80 years after his death, Bach was the greatest and most influential composer from the Baroque period. His music has come to life and will likely never die. Johann Sebastian Bach will remain in the top of his class of composers. The Joy of Bach Essay -- Biography Composers Music Essays The Joy of Bach The Baroque period was filled with the new idea that every issue had two sides. Great thinkers and masterminds left behind the idea that the world was either god- influenced or science-influenced. Most people embraced this notion, with the exception of a few. Johann Sebastian Bach was one of these few people. Bach, although the greatest composer of the Baroque period, led a life based on tradition and past influence, which left him virtually ignored for many years after his death. Bach was born in 1685 in Germany amongst the turmoil of national reconstruction. He lived a quiet life with little musical influence, until the death of his parents at age ten. After their death, Bach’s older brother, who taught the very young Bach to play clavichord and harpsichord, raised Bach. Now, his life had the musical influence that is associated with Bach’s greatness. At the age of eighteen, he joined an orchestra where he learned to play the violin and organ. During this time the musical genius of Bach began to emerge (Jackson 15). Although Bach’s name is widely recognized today, his contemporaries held little respect for his creative works (Herz 1). Only his skills as an organist were highly recognized and praised by those who knew of him. Many organ builders would not allow anyone but Bach to approve their creations. The composer’s works remained unpublished and unrecognized until many years after his death. One explanation for Bach’s lack of recognition is his modesty over the works he created. He did not consider himself a genius. Bach merely sought to be industrious and diligent in his work. Most of his works are signed, â€Å"I did what I could† (Herz 2)... ... The last five years of Bach’s life made up the fifth period of his work. He wrote in a style unique to himself during the Baroque period that became known as the Bach style. He would create a line of melody and establish it in a song. Then, he would create variations of the melody to make up the rest of the piece. The longest composition contains eighteen variations, each distinct, but dependent upon one line of melody. The composers that followed Bach attempted to recreate his works, but none have reached his level of perfection (Jackson 16). Though born in a turmoil-ridden Germany and ignored during his life and nearly 80 years after his death, Bach was the greatest and most influential composer from the Baroque period. His music has come to life and will likely never die. Johann Sebastian Bach will remain in the top of his class of composers.

Louis Pasteur: Greatest Achievements Essay -- essays research papers

To: From: Re: Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur: Greatest Achievements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis Pasteur was one of the most important scientists of our time. The foundation of our knowledge about health and disease comes from the discoveries of this one man. He made many discoveries and solutions for problems of the every day life that are still in effect today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in a little town called Dà ´le in the foothills of the Jura Mountains of eastern France. When he was five years old his family moved to Arbois where he grew up with his father, mother, and three sisters. While attending primary school Pasteur was only an average student. Some considered him to be slow because he worked so hard on an exercise problem to make sure that he had the right answer. While in high school Monsieur Romanet, Pasteur’s principal, became interested in Pasteur and began to help him with his studies. With this encouragement Pasteur became a very good student. The principal suggested that he aim to attend Ecole Normale in Paris where he could become a professor at one of the great universities, however his father felt that this was far-fetched and preferred that Pasteur attend a more local school (Burton, 5-7).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although his father had other plans for him, Pasteur had the opportunity to attend a preparatory school in Paris before going on to Ecole Normale, however when he got to Paris he became very homesick and his father soon arrived to take him home. After returning to Arbois Pasteur attended a local school named Besancon where he worked very hard and became one of the top students in his class. In 1842 Pasteur passed the admission tests to attend Ecole Normale however he was rated fifteenth of twenty-two candidates and this was not good enough to satisfy him. He continued to study and finally in 1843 Pasteur sailed through his admission tests and was awarded fourth place among the other candidates (Burton, 7-11).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Pasteur is sometimes considered to be the father of microbiology and immunology, he actually launched his career as a chemist who studied the shapes of organic crystals. Crystallography was just emerging as a branch of chemistry and his project was to crystalize a number of organic compounds. While working on this project he began... ..., the boy made a full recovery (Nicolle, 199-200).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After making his discovery about rabies his health began to deteriorate and he suffered from paralysis on his left side from a serious stroke. This made his work in the laboratory extremely difficult. Pasteur died in 1895 after suffering from additional strokes. Pasteur was a great man with a great mind. Because of his many discoveries there are many people that owe him their lives. Without his brilliance the medical sciences would be at a complete loss today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benz, Francis E.. Pasteur Knight of the Laboratory. New York, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1938. 73-141.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Burton, Mary June. Louis Pasteur Founder of Microbiology. New York, New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1963. 5-77.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cohn, David V.. â€Å"The Life and Times of Louis Pasteur.† University of Louisville School of Dentistry. 11 Feb. 1996. 45 pars. 7 Mar. 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicolle, Jacques. Louis Pasteur The Story of His Major Discoveries. New York, New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1961. 192-200.

Wars and Conflicts in American History Essay -- American History

War is defined in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary as â€Å"1.a. as a state of usually open and declared hostile conflict between states or nations; a period of such armed conflict; 2.a. a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism; b. a struggle or competition between opposing forces.† War has been a part of this great nation since the beginning. The Seven Years’ War, The Revolutionary War, and The Civil War were some of the bloodiest battles ever fought over the years in the United States. Let’s take a walk through history and look at why these wars were fought, the courses they each took, and the impact they had on the United States today. The Seven Years War, or the French and Indian War to the American colonists, was considered to be the first true World War. This war was one of the major conflicts in history since the fall of Rome. The war was fought around the world; in Europe, North America as well as India, the conflict mainly due to ongoing hostilities and struggles of absolute rule between Great Britain and France. The conflict beginning in 1754 was a dispute over land in the Ohio Valley being claimed by Virginians, the French and Native Americans that were already living there. By 1755, the frontier had turned into a mobilization of British and American troops against the French. The British hoped for a quick victory, but the French were prepared to fight and became allies with many of the tribes from Canada spreading clear into the Ohio Valley. The march west was the first of many disasters for the British; with Washington, the Virginia soldiers, and General Braddock leading 2,000 troops deep in to the back country where they were ambushed by French soldiers and many indian warriors from several tribes; thousa... ...e Federal government. The wars were caused by conflicting pressures, concepts, ideas, and prejudices, fueled by our differences and pride, and were set into motion by an unlikely set of political events, and all the wars had a part in transforming the country; economically, politically, and socially leading to the reconstruction of this great nation. The war caused an increase of prosperity of the north and the collapse of the south’s entire society.As we have looked back at why these wars were fought, the courses they each took, and the impact they had on the United States today, we have discovered that even through all the wars there has been one quality that has surpassed the hands of time, and have seen repeated throughout American history; it’s the American peoples’ willingness to fight for our freedom. Works Cited http://www.merriam-webster.com/

Logistics Summary

Logistics – a practical approach Part 1: The foundations of Logistics Chapter 1: Introduding Logistics – Logistics is more than just Transportation – Involves aspects like procurement (Beschaffung), sourcing, planning, storing, control and distribution (Verteilung/Austeilung) – Shift towards placing production in Central Europe b/c production is cheaper – Delivery: customer gets what he ordered, where he wants it and at the right time, not too early & not too late – Completeness: orders should arrive as one delivery – Accuracy: should deliver what you promised – Billing: only want to pay for what you ordered Customer service: enough stock to satisfy the customer + service – Flexibility: ability to produce anything on time and anything at any time – Production in developing countries makes it possible to offer goods for the lowest price – Good logistics will result in gaining customers, gaining trade and succ ess for the business itself – Automotive industry is one of the first industries to make good use of all new developments in the field of business studies – Henry Ford discovered the power of a conveyor belt where everyone makes just a small part of the car and becomes a specialist in his own little world. Mistakes are easily recognized ( Work becomes routine and effective ( Saving time and time is money – mass production became the norm – later just-in-time management was taken up by the whole automotive industry which was started by the Japanese Conflicting goals of logistics: – efficient use of machinery – low inventory – many different varieties of products – short delivery time e. g. within two hours – Logistics should help each and everyone in the organization to achieve the overall goal of the company Value chain of Porter shows that we do not have â€Å"very important† and â€Å"less important† depa rtments – â€Å"A chain is only as strong as its weakest link† – Final goal is getting a maximum profit and the survival in the long run [pic] – Planning the activities: instead of taking one aspect or link at a time and trying to obtain an optimal result for this part we now have to look at the whole chain and concentrate on obtaining a maximum result at an integral level. This requires planning for the whole chain (traditional planning vs. modern approach: integral planning ( p. 25) – Symbols: [pic] most logistic value chains will consist of many different forms and will resemble networks – these different aspects all make up the basic elements of logistics within the value chain – all elements within a Supply Chain should be connected – the main goal: to ensure that the customer gets the right product – cooperation is needed in order to ensure that all links have a common goal in mind: to increase the efficiency and e ffectiveness of the chain – results should be: higher profit margins; lower sales prices; improved competition; faster introduction of new products – Supply Chain: a network of connected and interdependent organizations mutually and cooperatively working together to control, manage and improve the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end users – The more links there are between you and the final customer, the more difficult it will be to understand that market Logistics is a combination of the activities: – Material Handling – Stock control – Order handling and processing – Customer service – Demand prediction – Sourcing, Vendoring and purchasing – Distribution: internal and external – Location of warehouses and production facilities – Handling reversed flows of goods, rejects and packaging material – Spare parts, repairs and customer service – Production planning Definition of logistics: Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements – Logistics management consists of 2 blocks: Material Management (MM) and Physical Distribution (PD) (p. 36) – Logistics and the most important relationships: [pic] – it is difficult to determine the costs for logistics, as every company has a different concept for what to include and what not – during the last decades, the costs for logistics have seen a huge increase compared to other costs – to get a quick insight into the buildup of costs and the relationships with profits: Return on Investment (ROI) – ROI = Profit / total assets ROI = (Profit/Turnover) * ( Turnover/total assets) ( Not possible to increase the ROI by incr easing sales – Turnover: total sales – Total cost: all costs made in an organization – Costs of logistics: all costs related to logistics – Other costs: all costs except cost of logistics – Profit: what is left after all costs are paid – Profit margin: profit as a percentage of sales – Depts. : all outstanding debts, mainly with suppliers – Liquid assets: assets quickly transferred into cash – Fixed assets: assets which only can be transferred into cash with huge costs like machinery etc. – Total assets: everything invested in an organization – Turnover rate: total assets as a percentage of sales

Ethics and Law Enforcement Essay

Regardless if anyone knows it or not, everyone actually lives in accordance with some sort of ethical standard. Some may refer to it as a code, a creed, or even a motto; however ethics itself is defined as a set of moral principles or values (Meriam-Webster). Ethics is an extremely important aspect of society in general and is applicable in every profession, however it holds a higher regard in law enforcement. Law enforcement officers are entrusted by the public to not only uphold the laws and order of our society but also live by and obey them; they are given the highest authority in the United States; to take a citizens life if it is required. Without ethics there would be corruption which would lead to chaos and an unstable society being the polar opposite of what law enforcement stands for and represents. Ethics may be interpreted in many ways whether it is based by religion or by laws themselves but may also be summed up by doing what is right. There are different parts of ethics as well; a written standard, example, and enforcement that all combine to form what is known as ethics. Ethics can be interpreted as a set of rules regulating the manner in which an individual or group of individuals should act. The meaning itself is hard to single out as it can be defined by many different opinions. Is ethical behavior the same as being a law abiding citizen? Absolutely not; laws are more often than not based on ethical standards however some laws can easily deviate from what is considered to be truly ethical (Manuel Velasquez). For example, relative to what is presently considered unethical are the pre Civil War laws allowing slavery. During that era it was acceptable and lawful to be a slave owner and remained unchanged until the final period of the American Civil War. Throughout our history, federal ethics have been have been implemented in a responsive manner to issues that have surfaced and finally being accumulated in 1962 with the formation of Chapter 11 Title 18 United States Code. In 1989 former President Bush enacted the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 which attempted to ensure uniformity of ethics regulation throughout the government. Law enforcement agencies regardless of the jurisdictional level are all subsidiaries of the government and all agencies have a common goal which is to ensure justice fairly and uniformly; â€Å"one team, one fight† is a good descriptor for this commonality. Ethics is the same way, in order for law enforcement to accomplish its goal every agency must operate in a uniformed manner allowing for proficiency and efficiency. If law enforcement did not operate in such a way then order would be nonexistent and create chaos which leads us to integrity. Integrity is defined as a firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic value (Meriam-Webster). A practicable explanation of integrity is, â€Å"doing the right things, for the right reasons, even when no one is looking†. What good is an ethical standard if there is no integrity towards it? After creating the standard law enforcement must have the integrity to carry it out even when no one is looking; it is only then that the mission succeeds. Ethics can be broken down into three categories: a written code, leadership by example, and fair and vigorous enforcement. Any code of ethics should not only be known by the officers it covers but also by the public. By providing the ethical code in a written form this can be accomplished, then through initial training and periodic reinforcement it can continuously be disseminated to both audiences. An example of this is written code is as follows: â€Å"As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice. I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided in me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty. I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, a nimosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With no compromise for crime and the relentless prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear of favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities. I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of the police service. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen  profession†¦law enforcement† (Diltz). Each individual agency has some variance of the aforementioned ethical code and it serves as a moral guideline for its officers to live their personal and professional lives. Let’s analyze this code; what does it mean? The exampled code simply explains that the law enforcement officer’s duty is to enforce the laws and safeguard mankind; while in the performance of these duties it is imperative and right tha t the officer also respect the rights of the citizens. It further explains the professional conduct of the officer as not allowing personal feelings to affect their decisions and acknowledges that the badge is a symbol of public faith given to him and any deviation from an ethical behavior compromises that public trust. Law enforcement officers are expected to be the example and must preserve that expectation through their conduct and relationships with the communities. Everyone has heard the phrase, â€Å"Lead by example† at some point in their life. This is especially true in law enforcement because if we do not act in the same manner in which we expect our citizens to act our credibility becomes questionable. This concept is effective throughout the entire chain of command of any agency as well; if the upper echelon of leadership begins to cut corners then the idea of â€Å"if it is ok for the boss to do it, then it is ok for me to do it† will spread like wildfire. Then the public will observe this mentality and begin the same activity creating a full system breakdown in society. In regard to fair and vigorous enforcement this concept has the highest impact on society and ethical code. If the perception of unfair treatment and enforcement occurs then the entire system becomes invalid and fails. In order to help prevent this there must be a definitive explanation between core principles and tangents of those principals. A properly functioning system should be constructed to be proportional, nontrivial, and practical (Lenox). Ethical behavior is the action of applying the code of ethics to one’s own life. This action accomplishes the goal of fair and vigorous enforcement through the sense that not only must there be fair and vigorous enforcement of the code but also of the citizens. Law enforcement as a whole is incapable of completely deterring and serving justice alone; it is through the cooperation and assistance of the community in which we serve that we accomplish the mission wholly. Whether it is an anonymous tip or a confidential informant, those pieces of intelligence assist law enforcement  agencies in solving crimes, deterring crime, and ultimately keeping the communities safe. It is through the ethical behavior of the officers that interact with the community that preserves this relationship with the public. If ethical behavior became a low priority the entire system as a whole would eventually begin to collapse. Let us examine the public’s opinion of law enforcement compared to that of other social institutions. Throughout the past, various polling organizations have sought the public’s opinion of different social institutions and in 1993 law enforcement was added to that polling list. On average, law enforcement ranked from second to third place for having the public’s confidence and trust. Through ethics and upholding ethical behavior, it is possible for law enforcement to perform their duties efficiently and maintain the public’s opinion of them. In the same data the criminal justice system as a whole was ranked as having approximately twenty-four percent of the public’s confidence. According to The Administration of Justice Program at George Mason University, it is possible that the public associates the majority of the criminal justice system with lawyers who are â€Å"viewed by the public as among the least honest and ethical professionals, generating levels of confidence similar to those who sell cars and insurance. Another possibility is that the public is responding to the mission and motivations they attribute to police. If the police mission is seen as bringing wrongdoers to justice and helping those who are wronged, then that is a simpler, more easily conceived mission than one for the criminal justice system. The courts in particular, operate in theory at least as an adversarial system in which one side tries to convict wrongdoers and the other attempts to get them acquitted or minimize their punishment. Such a construction has a zero-sum quality, where the more one side wins, the more the other loses. Faced with assessing a more complex role, perhaps many citizens select one aspect or the other, and invariably find the courts wanting when they attempt to accomplish both simultaneously† (Catherine Gallagher). Regardless of the manner in which the data was determined by the public it is consistent with the idea that law enforcement is held to a higher standard and it is clearly imperative that law enforcement must continue to maintain strict integrity to their ethical standards. Through this the public faith will continue to maintain and even grow. In conclusion, we have defined ethics and integrity acknowledging the  importance of both and there necessity in law enforcement as a w hole. The ethical standard that law enforcement adheres to is truly important not because law enforcement is thought to be better than the average citizen but because they are held and expected to be of higher standard. If ethics was not held in such high regard than who would police the police? An ethical standard can be created but it is only through it existing in written form and being disseminated appropriately, followed by all through leadership by example, and enforcement to reinforce its importance that it becomes effective. With these aspects fulfilled it then becomes practicable and applied to the law enforcement officer’s life in his or her behavior. The public holds law enforcement to a higher standard because they see them as role models of society and expect them to act accordingly both professionally and personally. Any compromise to this expectation causes mistrust amongst the public towards police and leads to disorder. Law enforcement’s objectives in responding to calls for service are gaining control or compliance and resolution. With a lack of ethical conduct and mistrust or lack of faith in police these objectives become nearly impossible to achieve in a proportional manner. Bibliography Catherine Gallagher, Edward R. Maguire, Stephen D. Mastrofski, Michael D. Reisig. The Public Image of Police. 02 10 2001. 16 05 2011 . Diltz, Chuck and Ruth. Police Officer Code of Ethics. 2 12 2002. 16 05 2011 . Lenox, William. â€Å"Outline Of Rules Of Ethics For Employees And Officials For A Securities Regulatory Agency.† 5 4 2006. 12 5 2011 . Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer. What is Ethics? 2010. 16 05 2011 . Meriam-Webster. Defenition of Ethics. 1999. 12 05 2011 . —. Definition of Integrity. 1999. 17 05 2011 .

Realities of War

Loved and Lost English Literature 108 July 27 2014 War is a patriotic act where one seeks the determination to lead their country. It can be viewed as noble, cruel, inhumane, and can make an individual a hero or a criminal. It affects everyone in a society, hoping loved ones are safe, whether they are the ones fighting in the battlefield or waiting at home. Anthem for Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen presents a speaker who criticizes war and illustrates a vivid picture in the readers mind regarding the harsh realities surrounding warfare, including the Allen soldiers and the ones left behind to grieve their losses. Where as W. B. Yeats in Easter 1916 portrays a speaker who conveys an ambiguous attitude in relation to war, they initially seem undecided in their feelings regarding the rebellious revolutionaries who led the uprising, but soon turn to appreciate and appreciate the fallen individuals.Imagery is used to explore and portray complex subject matters; Owen and Yeats illustr ate the harsh realities of war using imagery that incorporates objects seen and used in every day life. All though the speaker's perspectives differ ND they explore warfare from different angles, their use of imagery serves as a powerful tool in emphasizing the positive and negative aspects of war and the side effects on a society.Owen and Yeats both question the necessity of war in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 1916† but Owen uses imagery that evokes negative responses to war, whereas Yeats presents an ambiguous perspective through his use of imagery. Owen creates contrary feelings towards the subject of war through his imagery. Contrasting â€Å"Anthem† with â€Å"Doomed Youth† initiates the tone for the rest of the poem, â€Å"Anthem is s youth are typically seen as young children who should be protected and not thrown in harms way, all though in this poem, the use of ‘Doomed' in title creates a completely different meaning.His use of language emphasizes his perspective against the necessity of war by contrasting words such as â€Å"demented choirs† with â€Å"wailing shells† (7) and â€Å"monstrous anger† with â€Å"guns,† (2) all portraying negative images that emphasize on the destructive nature of war, therefore contributing to the speaker's stance against war. In addition, William Kevin Penny states, This quote re-emphasizes that Owens use of detailed imagery was used deliberately so that an audience could effectively grasp the meaningful message he was trying to convey about aspects of war.His contrasting language such as â€Å"anthem† with â€Å"doomed,† and â€Å"monstrous anger† with â€Å"guns† is what makes this message conveyable to an audience. In contrast to Owens poem, Yeats uses imagery to present the speaker's ambiguous perspective, the comparisons made in the lines: Yeats uses the comparisons of death to sleep to reflect the speaker 's ambiguous perspective. Normally sleep is equated with neither, negative or positive emotions, here as death is normally seen in a negative way; yet comparing the two together, reflects the speaker's ambivalent attitude effectively in this poem.Yeats' Contrasting the image of nightfall with death signifies the relationship between the end of day (that happens insignificantly) with the end of a person's life, which normally would be considered significant, yet this reference is suggesting the death resulting from war is unnecessary. The question, â€Å"Was it needless death after all? † reflects the speakers opinion even further, the question mark is inserted to enhance the ambiguity of the beaker, as it implies the speakers uncertain nature.Therefore reflecting the speaker feels the revolutionaries' rebellion is questionable in its nature. Lima Haney agrees with this notion by claiming, â€Å"Easter 1916, Yeats conveys his dismay with the civil unrest and the needless loss of life in his country,† (341) therefore reaffirming that the speaker in this poem questions the necessity of war as it produces fatalities that are unwarranted according to Haney. Yeats is able to represent this stance, using specific language such as ‘needless death,' which also adds to the images that emphasize this notion.Owen and Yeats both use imagery in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 1916† to reflect the speaker's perspective on individual's involvement in the war. Owens use of imagery portrays a cynical perspective from a speaker who condemns the actions and stresses the consequences of warfare. Owens speaker stresses soldiers in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† who have fought in the war and the loved ones who have dealt with losses resulting from war.His use of language creates vivid imagery by comparing the deaths of soldiers to the deaths of cattle. Owen states, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? (Owen 1). This quote reflects the speaker's opinion that soldiers involved in warfare are treated like a herd of animals, and their deaths are no more important than cattle, which are rounded together and killed simultaneously in a slaughterhouse.The line also sets the tone for the rest of the poem through imagery, as soldiers are portrayed in dehumidifying terms, and reflects the negative perspective of the speaker. In contrast to the poetic devices used by Owen, Yeats' use of imagery in â€Å"Easter 1916† describes a speaker who is initially uncertain about the necessity of war, yet recognizes the revolutionaries involved on a heroic level by amortizing them.The speaker, even though ambiguous in their attitude towards war, still feels that the revolutionaries partaking in the rebellion are important enough to â€Å"write it out in a verse,† (Yeats 74) therefore the imagery of a tangible poem recognizes the revolutionaries actions as heroic enough to commemorate them in a p oem that shall be read for eternity, even though the speaker doesn't necessarily agree with the rebellion itself.This notion is further proven when Austin Ride states, † Yeats initially disapproved of the Easter rebels, heir executions won him over to a grudging and ambivalent respect for their accomplishment† (401) similar to my initial statement that through imagery, Yeats uses imagery such as commemorating revolutionaries in a tangible poem to present his speaker's ambiguous perspective on the war, all though he was uncertain in his attitude towards the rebellion, the gesture of the revolutionaries fighting for what they believed in granted them the significance to be viewed as noble and patriotic.Owen and Yeats both use imagery to describe the bloodshed during battles to emphasize the harsh realities of war in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 916†. Owen presents imagery that illustrates horrendous warfare conditions that exemplify the con ditions soldiers had to endure. The lines stating, â€Å"Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle† (Owen, 2-3) refers to the soldier's day-to-day living conditions, which consisted of living in fear with constant chaos from the sounds of gunshots constantly surrounding them, and knowing that at any moment their lives could be over.In comparison to Owen, Yeats also uses imagery to convey the bloodshed during battles to emphasize the harsh ileitis by stating, â€Å"We know their dream; enough / To know they dreamed and are dead,† (Yeats, 70-71) with the use of images of death, and comparing the dreams of the individuals involved in the rebellion to their deaths, illuminates the harsh realities of war; even though they had good intentions, and felt as if they were fighting for a noble cause, their â€Å"dreams† are what finalized their lives; therefore, showcasing the inevitability of warfare.Owen and Yeats' language throughout the poem creates imagery that reflects the effects of warfare and how it not only hurts the individuals involved but the ones who urn from their losses as well. Owens speaker discusses individuals in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† who have to deal with the loss of loved ones resulting from war. Stating, â€Å"The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall; / Their flowers the tenderness of silent minds, / And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds. † (Owen, 12-14) refers to all the family and friends who have to deal with the horrible losses resulting from war.The â€Å"pallor of girls† signifies the paleness of women from shock and sadness, and ‘tenderness of silent minds† is referring to the silent mourning of family embers and/or friends. The phrase, â€Å"drawing-down of blinds† is also referring to the grieving of loved ones. The use of this everyday object is typically used to represent the end of day, or to be left alone. People use b linds to keep things out, such as sun, or to represent nobody is home or they do not want to be bothered.

High Protein Diet and Gastric Bypass Surgery Essay

There are two very common approaches to weight loss management. Gastric bypass surgery is a trend many are opting for. A high protein diet has similar results; however, it takes more willpower to achieve desired results. This essay will provide the pros and cons to each choice. Diets higher in protein and moderate in carbohydrates along with diet and exercise are thought by experts to reduce blood fats. * Can cause health problems, such as pre diabetes and diabetes. * Decrease blood glucose for pre diabetics and diabetics. Researchers concluded that a 15 percent increase in protein ( a caloric ratio of 30% protein, 20% fat, and 50% carbohydrate); with a constant carbohydrate intake can result in significant weight loss. * Participates in the study ate 441 fewer calories. * Reported greater satisfaction, less hunger, and lost weight. The high protein diet also helps lean tissue while burning fat for fuel. * Reported feeling less hungry and increased energy. * You will be changing your focus toward protein and limiting your carbohydrates. Gastric bypass surgery makes changes to your digestive system to help you lose weight. * You will have to follow a strict diet for about 12 weeks beginning with liquids, then progressing to solid foods. * Frequent medical checkups to monitor your weight loss e.g. ( blood tests and various exams). Gastric bypass surgery is very expensive. * Can cost anywhere from $15,000.00 to $25,000.00 * There are many options available to people who do not have insurance to pay for this surgery. This method of weight loss can improve or resolve conditions with the guidance from your medical treatment team. * Increase probability of all needs for medications in a diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient. * Loss of high blood pressure and high cholesterol 70-80% in patients. In conclusion, both high protein diet and gastric bypass require lifelong changes. A strong support system will increase your ability to maintain your desired results.

Equity and Cost Methods in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equity and Cost Methods in Accounting - Essay Example The cost method, therefore, shows a bigger value for the investment than the equity method. Since dividends under the cost method are a form of revenue, they create taxable income. For example, if the Investee Corporation pays out $1.50 per share in dividends in 2011, Investor Corporation’s income is $12,000. In the 25 percent tax bracket, its tax liability would be $4,000. The equity method affects income greatly and hence has an effect on income taxes. Suppose Investee Corporation records income of $100,000 in 2011. Investor Corporation would record income of $20,000. The tax liability would $5,000. Income is more volatile than the dividend yield hence the equity method is more likely to affect the Investor Corporations tax liability. Since earnings of the investee corporation keep changing from year to year, it would be recommendable that the Investor Corporation should use the fair value method. That would help it avoid reporting the share of the investee’s earnings and losses that it bears. The changes in earnings of the Investee over the years will, therefore, have little effect on the value of the investment over

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal Assignment - 1

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal - Assignment Example Additionally, he also made mention of emerging markets as reaching attractive levels because of short-term troubles that brought price levels to near- bargain levels. What his article basically said is that investment advisers made wrong guesses or bets as to which way the markets will go and those investors who believed in the advice are now sorry. However one looks at it, any investor should do his or her own homework and not accept as the gospel truth any so-called â€Å"sage advice† offered by some self-proclaimed financial market experts. It is worth noting that any investor who looks at the long-term prospects (whether stocks, bonds, or other investment vehicles) is bound to come out ahead if the investment horizon is long enough for dividends and price appreciation to take its effect (meaning, the time element kicks in like in the time value of money when invested). Anyway, most investors have a wrong or unrealistic time frame when they invest, so many are well advised to listen to reason (Jaffe para. 9) and look at the longer term instead. (Note: word count = 295) Jaffe, Chuck. â€Å"Always invest in what scares you: How to build a portfolio with a long-term outlook.† Wall Street Journal, 10 Feb. 2014. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.

Law and Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law and Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Essay Example Blood transfusion involves two stages diagnosis and therapy. Diagnosis aims to find out whether there is a need for blood transfusion while therapy is the physical process of blood transfusion. Most cases normally arise when a patient claims to have contracted HIV/AIDs because of blood transfusion. When this occurs, it is certain there was no proper blood test or proper screening of the donor. In such circumstances, the plaintiff has to show that the defendant acted negligently and because of this negligence, he was injured. In Roberts v. Subaru Hospital Association, it was held by the Maryland Court of Special Appeals that transfusion of blood was a service rendered and not a seller of the product. The court stated that â€Å"A transfusion is not just a sell of blood which the patient takes home as a package. The transfusion of the blood-the injecting of it into the patient`s bloodstream-is what he really needs and pays for, and that involves the application of a medical skill.â₠¬  There have been developed state laws that protect the confidentiality of HIV/AIDS-related information. Information concerning a patient`s diagnosis of HIV positive must not be disclosed and can only be disclosed to other healthcare professionals if need be. Disclosure of one`s HIV status violates his/her rights to privacy concerning their personal affairs. In Estate of Behringer v. Medical Center at Princeton, the plaintiff, a surgeon was entitled to damages for unauthorized disclosure of his status at the hospital.  

Time Warner Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Warner Case Study - Research Paper Example Such a situation may progressively lead to market monopoly. It is obvious that a monopolistic market environment may hurt the interests of buyers, suppliers, and new market entrants. Sometimes, mergers adversely affect the feasibility of integrated organizations also if the business becomes too large because of the merger. Under such circumstances, the merger process may cause the firms to incur higher unit costs. Similarly, often huge mergers result in employee termination, which in turn, would contribute to growing unemployment issues. In short, thoughtless mergers would threaten the economic uplift of the country and, therefore, government regulation is essential in a market economy. 2. It is observed that the US government has constantly intervened in the country’s market process over the last decade, especially after the 2008-09 global financial crisis. The US government identified that accounting fraud was the root cause behind a series of corporate failures in the count ry. Hence, nowadays the US government greatly intervenes in the country’s market process on the belief that those restrictions would put a check on illegal and unfair business practices. In addition, the US debt crisis also persuaded regulators to exercise more control over the country’s market process. ... As Perry and Dell (2010) pointed out, investigations discovered that the US bank collapses were partially attributable to inefficient government control over its market operations. Policymakers believe that government intervention in the market process would assist the country to overcome the impacts of debt crisis and, thereby, promote sustainable economic growth. 3. An organization or an industry would face some additional complexities if it needs to expand its business sector by means of capital projects rather than merger strategy. Acquisition strategy is an alternative to merger and this method demands huge amounts of money. If the Time Warner proceeds with the acquisition strategy, the firm would be forced to raise huge capital in order to acquire another firm. In addition, organizational change associated with the acquisition strategy may sometimes raise potential managerial challenges to the organization. New venture expansion is another strategy for self expansion and it req uires the firm to raise abundant potential sources of capital. In case of large venture projects, Time Warner alone cannot fund its operational requirements and, thus, the firm may be forced to depend on debt financing practices. However, such policies would adversely affect the financial viability of the firm and consequently threaten the long-term sustainability of the organization (Debt financing). Furthermore, other capital projects based on self-expansional strategies may raise a series of operational difficulties to the company while entering an overseas market. It has been identified that the level of uncertainty is higher under self-expansion strategies based on capital projects other than merger process. 4. When the industry is confronted with government

Microwave and Photonics Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Microwave and Photonics Systems - Essay Example This results in significantly reduced complexity of the Remote Antenna Unit, as the major portion of the processing is avoided, at least at the regional unit level and only optoelectronic conversion and amplification of the converted signal is necessary. 2) Estimate a difference in roundtrip time for data transmission between Tokyo and San Francisco (distance: 8270 km) as for the following two communication methods; radio-wave (wireless) communication using a geostationary satellite, and fiber-optic communication. Assume that a refractive index for the air is 1, and that of the optical fiber is 1.5. Distance between the earth and the satellite is 38,800 km. Impedance matching in a circuit comprised of linear devices is defined as the process of making the output impedance of the source equal to the input impedance of the load, in order to maximize the power transfer from source to load and thereby minimize reflections from the load end. This results in increased efficiency. In the context of radio and fiber optics systems, where the wavelength of the transmitted signal is very much less in comparison to the length of the line, ie, where the changes in the signal are rapid compared to the time of propagation, the impedances at each end of the line must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line to prevent reflections of the signal at the ends of the line. Otherwise, echoes may occur and cause the formation of standing waves in the transmission line. In radio-frequency (RF) systems, a common type of RF load used is a quarter-wave ground plane antenna using a modified ground plane or a matching network. 4) Explain one example of representative antennas which are used in our radio wave(wireless) systems such as cellular phones, wireless LANs, etc, with respect to its type and operation. Ans) Consider a microstrip antenna as an example. A microstrip antenna gains its name from the fact that it is structurally a simple metallic strip of desired shape suspended over a ground plane. The strip may be flush mounted onto a dielectric or other surface. The feed line is placed behind the ground plane (Prasad 809). They are simple to fabricate and easy to modify and customize. The microstrip patch antenna is the most common type of microstrip antenna. It is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna with an inherent ability to have polarization diversity. These antennas can easily be designed to have Vertical, Horizontal, Right Hand Circular or Left Hand

Christianity and the world at large Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christianity and the world at large - Essay Example Its main aim can be summarized in the following ways: 1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes; 2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax; 3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance; 4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels; 5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly; 6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State; 7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State, the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan; 8. Equal liability of all to work and establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture; 9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries, gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the c ountry; and 10. Free education for all children in public schools, abolition of children's factory labor in its present form and combination of education with industrial production (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm).3 Since communism is against any form of subjugation, the Church is considered its enemy for a church has leaders, even a hierarchy of elders who would oversee the flock and make sure that no one goes astray. Charles Darwin's teaching of Natural Selection is anchored on the principle of preservation. According to him, natural selection, "on the principle of qualities being inherited at corresponding ages, can modify the egg, seed, or young, as easily as the adult."4 Plainly speaking, this...The likes of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington led the United States of America anchoring on Biblical truths and Christianity as a whole. America still looks back and acknowledges that some of the glorious past of this country were under the leadership of these two figures.Christianity in general should put itself in its proper place and not quarrel with other people insisting only on what it thinks is right. The first step is accepting that people of all ages and nations vary in many ways and one of these is their belief and principle in life. By learning to accept others the way they are leads to a better understanding of why they are so different and why they behave in the way they do. Having a n open mind can lead to less prejudice and judgmental spirit. The second step is respect. Since people are free to choose what they should believe in, Christianity should not impose on others what it thinks is right or wrong. In other words, to respect other’s religious conviction will lead to a more harmonious relationship. It has been said that man is not supposed to do to others what he does not want others to do to him. In this way, if Christianity seeks respect, it should also respect others. Finally, Christianity must not cease to be vigilant. It should continue to be a watchdog, a spiritual eye to the government and the nation as a whole. Although it may not force itself, its very presence will shed light to the world around it and will lead others to know the difference.

(Why did Tsarism survive in 1905 but not in February 1917) Essay

(Why did Tsarism survive in 1905 but not in February 1917) - Essay Example The Riots went as far as Odessa, Black Sea Port and Moscow and at Moscow the soviets were formed. Though as implied by director Eisenstein that â€Å"this rebellion would give momentum to a fresh revolutionary movement,†1 ultimately, the 1905 revolution got suppressed in the short term when mutinies from both army and naval were brought. Russia’s loss in opposition to Japan at Port Arthur and their defeat at Tsushima weakened Tsars government. â€Å"Some of the things that marked the organized soviet workers, soldiers and sailors were that they were elected democratically from their workplaces, barracks and ships but they were given no privileges and at any time they would be called back by their electors. This was one of the things that marked the revolution defeat†2. The source of Tsar’s government was that most peasants Loved Tsar and most of them regarded him as a father whose empowerment was from God and at that time the church was very powerful and in support to the government, this was however shattered in 1905, following the massacre of the peaceful soviet demonstrators and assassinations, Prime Minister stolypin who was murdered in 1911. Also celebrations which accompanied the Romanov dynasty had greatly increased Tsars popularity. Nobles controlled the army and the government and they used Cossacks to deal with protests. Suppression of the 1905 revolution and assumption of a united nation was however a mask because this indeed marked the commencement of an imperialist war exposing every rotten thing that sharpened Russia’s social contradictions and deepened the ultimate revolutionary upheavals, (Gatrell, 1986). Approximately 15 million peasants joined the army where they faced consistent misery that opened their mind to the working class ideas. About 800,000 workers were working at Moscow in defense industries and 300,000 others in Petrograd in huge factories. This reduced the struggles in the cities and country side and

The issues facing duplicity in human nature in The Strange Case of Dr Essay

The issues facing duplicity in human nature in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson - Essay Example â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde perfectly captured some readers’ fears that their carefully built society was hypocritical.†4 Although the idea of man’s double nature—the good and the bad—has been a topic of countless discussions and debates for centuries, Stevenson presented it most vividly in a way that only fiction can.5 It can be said that it is even an allegory6 of a philosophical sense, illustrating what Stevenson might deem as the true nature of man. Some perceive it to be the epitome of Sigmund Freud’s concept of the subconscious—with Mr. Hyde being Dr. Jekyll’s â€Å"subconscious desire to be freed from his society’s restrictions.†7 While others view the novel as one of the first illustrations of the psychological illness that is termed split personality disorder, with the term alter ego (Mr, Hyde) popularized by Freud. Whatever the case, it cannot be denied that The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde sh ows, both then and now, the unquestionable duplicity of the nature of man manifested in the two sides of good and evil. For â€Å"the opposites embodied in the Jekyll/Hyde binary conform to late-Victorian ideas about the brain as a double organ,8† as it is still considered up to now. In this dark novel, Robert Louis Stevenson reveals the issues dealing with the duplicity of human nature. Through his mastery of syntax, constant change in point of view throughout the story, complex use of symbolism, supernatural writing style, and his usage of fear in the unknown, Stevenson shows what can happen if you let the evil inside take over. His example of this is the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and his alter ego, Mr. Edward Hyde. This paper will discuss the aforementioned elements of the novel as it discusses the characteristic duplicity found in human nature. To further illustrate how Stevenson depicted the issues that come with the inherent characteristic of man’s duplicity, it is best to give a brief synopsis

Christian Perspective on Counseling Essay Example for Free

Christian Perspective on Counseling Essay This is a personal theory paper which focuses on the Christian perspective; it involves the integration of faith and scripture into the personal counseling process. It discusses personality structures, individual differences and the motivations that guide and push the human person. Included is a contextual definition of health and the factors that cause illness. They are understood by using psychological techniques in concurrence with Biblical truths. Employing a theological worldview for counseling helps a therapist’s awareness of the innermost complexities of a client and enables them to be an effective guide towards the path of hope and healing. Introduction Counseling is centrally and critically a relationship between people who care (Crabb, 1977). It is essential that a psychotherapist develop a genuine desire for the well-being of a client. This is an ideal arrangement for which a Christian counselor can flourish, because â€Å"Every Christian is called to a ministry of encouraging and helping others (Crabb, 1977)†. Although an atmosphere of caring and encouragement is not limited to Christians it is ideal to integrate psychology and Christian spirituality to most effectively aid clients. Personality Personality structure and components There are many theories involving the structure of the human personality. One is the theory presented by Dr. Ron E. Hawkins (2006a). In this theory, Dr. Hawkins likens each individual to many concentric circles. Every circle is affected by the other circles but every one has its own distinctive characteristics. This structure can best elucidate the complexities that exist inside an individual. The boundaries between circles can help determine the source of each dilemma and each circle provides a different approach to problem-solving. The first circle is the innermost circle of a person and encapsulates the very essence of being human. It is in this most personal circle that the Holy Spirit inhabits within each believer, as supported by the biblical quote â€Å"The kingdom of God is within you† (Luke 17:21). Also included in this circle are the options of free-will and the concept of original sin. The original sin is common to all human beings as maintained by Paul when he writes his letter to the Romans and utters, â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God† (Romans 3:23). It must be noted that outside of issues involving deliverance, there is not much that can be dealt with in this circle by human intervention. Instead, if a problem really reverberates from this circle it must be surrendered in strong faith to the hands of God. The next circle encloses the soul, feeling, and cognitive aspects of the human being. For most clients looking for counseling, this is the circle that receives the most focus. It is in this circle that emotional and psychological troubles not originating from biological sources resonate. The next circle in this theory of personality makeup is the biological circle. This circle consists of the biological processes and focuses on the wellness of the physical human body. Problems in this circle include chemical imbalance which is the failure to normalize the chemicals in the brain, resulting in problems like obsession, anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, and insomnia. Problems in this circle are more likely to have physical sources, like physical trauma or abuse. The next circle is another prevailing source of problems dealt with in counseling. The temporal circle, it is the beginning of external focused aspects. In this circle, external environmental structures like society and culture have a significant influence on the individual. Societal values and cultural expectations will always have an impact on personality development. Society, friends, family, and church are examples of the temporal systems that must be dealt with when counseling people. Learning who the client is responsible to and what he is responsible for is essential to developing personal responsibility (Cloud Townsend, 1992). Additionally, the influences of the client’s family system are dealt with in this circle. The Bible supports this, â€Å"fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord† (Ephesians 6:4). Many problems can be rooted from the effects of family and environment The final circle of the human personality structure is the circle of the supernatural. This includes the archetypal epic struggle between good and evil, demons and angels. Despite this concept it is important to keep in mind that â€Å"our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms† (Ephesians 6:12). The Bible states that demonic power is a real and it would be imprudent to disregard its potential. Spiritual forces have a great impact on personality development and it cannot be excluded from the growth process Motivation There are five basic propositions about motivation: [1] human beings are all motivated to seek our needs, [2] motivational energy is channeled through the mind and results in specific behavior, [3] motivated behavior is always directed towards a goal, [4] when a goal is perceived to be impossible a state of disequilibrium exists, and finally, [5] all behavior is motivated and all behavior makes sense (Crabb, 1986). Motivation is a drive toward security and significance, with these thoughts in mind, Dr. Crabb details that the definitive goal of counseling is to â€Å"free people to better worship and serve God by helping them become more like the Lord† (1977). Individual differences In counseling, the level of maturity of each client must be assessed. Individuals are in the process of ‘moving over’ and ‘moving up’, clients differ in as to where they are in the process of dealing with presenting problems in a manner consistent with scripture and developing a Christ-like character (Crabb, 1977). Perhaps the most important reason that accounts for individual differences is that God provided free will to His creation. This free will makes each person unique and not merely a puppet with predetermined actions. Alteration of procedure used in counseling is necessary when dealing with different types of people. Some clients should be approached in a feeling level while others should be led spiritually. Cognitive based personalities are best dealt with on the thinking level and those suffering from physical disabilities are helped first with their tangible needs (Hawkins, 2006). Health A contextual explanation of health All counselors should want their clients to become healthy. According to McMinn (1996), the three factors that determine health are: accurate awareness of self, accurate awareness of needs and involvement in healthy relationships. Basing self-worth on the word of God is an effective strategy; to be able to create a self-image based on the unconditional love of Christ is a helpful direction for people who are injured in the different psychological aspects of their lives. McGee (1992) states, â€Å"changing our beliefs from false beliefs to the truths of God’s Word will assist us in experiencing more appropriate emotions and thereby will change the way we respond†. Helping clients to become more Christ-like in seeking self-worth and happiness is the goal of Christian counseling. A contextual explanation of illness The sources of illness are biological, cognitive, emotional and spiritual. Biological are often the easiest to identify they have physical signs that can be studied. Biological illnesses include physical sickness, chemical imbalances, and traumatic abuse. Typically, biological problems can be treated with medications or removal of the source of problem. For instance, physical trauma caused by an abusive husband involves treatment wherein the first step is to remove the victim from the abusive relationship. The cognitive aspect is the area of focus for most counseling therapies. Many problems that counselors must contend with relate to cognitive disorders, including depression, anxiety, guilt, and fear. The illnesses with a cognitive source are of critical concern as they are often more difficult to treat than biological illnesses. Emotional causes must also be considered. Sandra Wilson’s (2001) mantra of Hurt People Hurt People explains how emotional damage begets more emotional damage. Out of wounded emotions, people repeat the same torture to those they are closest to. Finally, illnesses can also be of a spiritual character. In order to be successful and productive counselors â€Å"we have to learn to distinguish between organic or psychological mental illness and a spiritual battle for the mind,† (Anderson, 2000). Spiritual illnesses stem from sin, a lack of faith, and destructive influences. Anderson (2000) advises, â€Å"Don’t think Satan is no longer interested in manipulating your mind in order to accomplish his purposes. Satan’s perpetual aim is to infiltrate your thoughts with his thoughts and to promote his lie in the face of God’s truth. He knows that if he can control you thoughts, he can control your life† Therapeutic Involvement Techniques, methods The Bible provides excellent guidance in various aspects of life; it is an excellent source for every Christian counselor. Accordingly, â€Å"all Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness† (2 Timothy 3:16-17). In a helping relationship, techniques are used to help the client reach the point of change. One approach that Christian counselors should not be without is prayer. Craigie and Tan (as cited in McMinn, 1996) write, â€Å"Indeed, praying with clients that they may be liberated from resistant misbeliefs, that they may be empowered to do the truth, and that they may come into a deeper relationship with the truth can sometimes be a most powerful experience†. The use of scripture in therapy sessions is useful in integrating God’s Truths to a client’s mindset. The use of the technique miracle question is helpful; this is a method of questioning which begins by helping the client imagine a situation wherein, overnight, a miracle happens that solves all their familial problems. The client has to define what differences they would observe to prove that a miracle had taken place. This is vital in making the client realize how vastly improved their relationships will be when the problems are resolved and defines the goal they aim to achieve. The method of Scaling questions is another tool used to rate the client’s current state, with zero/one being the most ideal and ten being the worst, this facilitates the therapist in identifying factors that prevents them from moving up the scale and recognizes what pushes them down. This is helpful in shifting the client’s focus from problems to solutions. The goal of therapy is promoting a high level of self-worth; the therapist must introduce genuineness into the environment by omitting shame from the process. This can be supplemented with compliments and positive encouragement by vocalizing admirable traits; it is a helpful exercise that generates an atmosphere of goodwill more conducive to problem solving. Hawkins (2006b) identifies the first in counseling step as own having an understanding of the real problem. Then, he goes on to reality testing. From there, a plan of action is formulated and the client is occupied with taking tenure to this plan of action and accepting accountability for its conclusion. Lastly, the counselor helps in building support and responsibility into the process of transformation concerning the client. A good cognitive counseling approach is to focus on the inner-voice and truth. The inner-voice is often constructed as a direct result of the temporal and supernatural circles in which an individual develops. In destructive or less-than-ideal relationships, the individual can develop spiteful and untruthful concepts about themselves which are constantly conveyed by the inner-voice. An understanding of truthful reality, often combating the untrue inner-voice, is critical for change. As Dr. Backus and Dr. Chapian explain, â€Å"locating and identifying pain-causing fabrications plus learning the factual reality-based truth† is therapeutic and critical for healing (2000). Expectations in success Counselors can measure success of counseling by evaluating the client’s progress in the accurate awareness of self or needs and by determining if they are participating in healing relationships (McMinn, 1996). McMinn’s affirms that, â€Å"A more careful look suggests that spiritual and psychological health require a confident sense of self, an awareness of human need, and limitations, and confiding interpersonal relationships with God and others† (1996). Real success in psychotherapy is measured by advancement not perfection. Worldview Dimensions Every individual possesses a worldview whether or not they recognize it. For example, the temporal system an individual develops in will have significant impacts on the individual’s worldview. Someone who was raised in a war torn environment with rampant violence and lawlessness will have a different set of moral code than a person is raised in a secure and peaceable community. These worldviews affect the progress in counseling; worldviews differ from person to person and may include science, perception or the Bible. It is imperative for the Christian counselor to have a broad perception of what his/her worldview consists of. The Biblical worldview filters pertinent information through the sieve of God’s Word. Since all issues are not addressed in Scripture, to sift means to see if the issue lines up with God’s Word (Collins, 2001). Uniting psychology, spirituality, and theology encompasses all the components of human behavior necessary to assess functioning (McMinn, 1996). Conclusion The integration of spirituality and theological scriptures to counseling provides a panoramic view of how psychotherapy can progress. The Bible must be used as a reference in choosing ideologies, techniques or processes to integrate in a personal theory. The use of solutions-based therapy, also referred to as solution focused therapy or brief therapy, is a type of talking therapy that is based upon social constructionist philosophy. It includes miracle and scaling questions. It focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy. The approach focuses on the present and hopes for future, because as Dr. Worthington explains, â€Å"hope provides the motivation to work† (1999). Cognitive therapy can be used most effectively in Christian counseling because the cognitive approach is imperative in changing the client’s self-awareness by challenging negative thoughts and untruths. Cognitive therapy helps unchain the client from unrealistic expectations by perceiving and revising the pointless difficulties they place on themselves. Understanding the components of human personality through the theory of concentric circles is important in developing a complete strategy for helping individuals change. Recognition of an integrated model that considers the scripture of Christian teachings is a potent tool in wrestling against the dysfunction residing in a client’s life. Resources Anderson, N. (2000). The bondage breaker. Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers. Backus, William and Chapian, Marie. (2000). Telling yourself the truth. Bloomington, MN: Bethany House Publishers Cloud, H. Townsend, J. (1992). Boundaries: When to say yes when to say no to take control of your life. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Collins, G. (2001). The Biblical basis of Christian counseling for people helpers. Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress Publishing Group. Crabb, Larry. (1977). Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Hawkins, Ron E. (Speaker). (2006). Model for guiding the counseling process. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University. Hawkins, R. E. (Producer). (2006b). Grid for tracking process [Motion picture]. (Available from Liberty university, 1971 University Boulevard, Lynchburg, VA 24502) Worthington, Everett L. (1999). Hope-focussed marriage counseling. Downer’s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press Greece. McGee, R. (1992). Search for significance: Build your self worth on the forgiveness and unconditional love of Jesus Christ. Nashville, TN: LifeWay Press. McMinn, M. (1996). Psychology, theology and spirituality in Christian counseling. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Wilson, S. (2001). Hurt people hurt people: Hope and healing for yourself and your relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers.